Causal Reasoning
Exercise
Determine which of the candidates (A, B, C, D) in the following examples pass the necessary condition test or the sufficient condition test relative to the target (G). In addition, note whether there are any candidates that aren’t rigorously tested as either necessary or sufficient conditions.
1.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
~C | D | ~G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | B | C | D | G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | C | D | G |
2.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
C | D | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | B | ~C | D | ~G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | C | ~D | G |
3.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
C | D | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | B | C | D | G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | C | D | G |
4.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
C | D | ~G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | B | C | D | G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | C | ~D | G |
5.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
~C | D | ~G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | B | C | D | G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | ~C | ~D | ~G |
6.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
C | D | ~G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | B | C | ~D | ~G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | ~C | D | G |
7.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
~C | D | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | ~B | C | D | ~G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | C | ~D | ~G |
8.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
~C | D | ~G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | ~B | ~C | D | ~G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | ~C | ~D | ~G |
9.
| Case 1 |
A | B |
C | D | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | ~B | C | D | G |
| Case 3 | A | ~B | ~C | D | ~G |
10.
| Case 1 |
~A | B |
~C | D | ~G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 2 | ~A | B | C | D | G |
| Case 3 | ~A | ~B | ~C | D | G |